Department of Agriculture in South Dakota

An extreme-count USDA file on South Dakota

Department of Agriculture as awarding agency, South Dakota as place-of-performance: 170,962 records summing to $3,084,629,303.03. A Department of Agriculture award coded outside SD is out. An award in South Dakota from a different awarding agency is out even if the topic sounds related. South Dakota (SD) excludes North Dakota, Minnesota, Iowa, Nebraska, Wyoming, and Montana. A Fargo-coded award is North Dakota.

One hundred seventy thousand nine hundred sixty-two awards is an extreme-count USDA file. Volume can rise on recurring assistance without each row being a new farm. Unique recipients are unpublished. Do not read 170,962 as 170,962 unique farms, planted acres, or unique producers. The overlay Department of Agriculture in South Dakota is the both-keys table. South Dakota federal spending is the all-agency state hub. Department of Agriculture is the agency book without an SD filter. All spending ties lists other joins.

The implied mean is much lower than thin Energy cells. Dollars and row counts tell different stories on the same join. Correlation is not causation: South Dakota did not “cause” $3,084,629,303.03 by existing as a large or small place. Population and outcome scores are not packet facts. The join is 012 × SD only.

170,962 rows are not 170,962 farms

$3,084,629,303.03 does not measure farms, planted acres, or unique producers. Those series are not USAspending fields on this aggregate. The cell sums award obligations with awarding-agency code 012 and an SD place-of-performance tag.

Do not treat 170,962 awards as a census of farms, planted acres, or unique producers. Parent hubs are supposed to be larger than this pair. If South Dakota federal spending or Department of Agriculture matched $3,084,629,303.03 and 170,962, the join would be pointless. Use the overlay when both keys must stay on. North Dakota, Nebraska, and Minnesota USDA joins are other pairs, not addends.

Questions

How much has the Department of Agriculture obligated in South Dakota?

USAspending.gov records $3,084,629,303.03 across 170,962 awards with awarding agency 012 and a South Dakota tag. That is an obligation join, not an outlay and not a count of farms, planted acres, or unique producers. Department of Agriculture in South Dakota is the live overlay for this pair. Keep both keys when quoting $3,084,629,303.03.

Is $3,084,629,303.03 a measure of farms, planted acres, or unique producers?

No. The packet publishes $3,084,629,303.03 and 170,962 awards for agency 012 inside SD coding. Those other series are unpublished here. Unique recipients are unpublished. Quote the dollar total and the award count together. Obligations are not outlays.

Why does this USDA file have 170,962 awards?

That is the award-record count for 012 × SD. Combined with $3,084,629,303.03, the average is about $18,043. Modifications and repeat instruments add rows. 170,962 is not unique farms, planted acres, or unique producers. Later ingests can revise the count. Prefer the overlay if the table moved.

Where is the live table?

Department of Agriculture in South Dakota is the overlay. South Dakota federal spending and Department of Agriculture are the parents, not addends. All spending ties lists other pairs. Keep both sides of the join when citing $3,084,629,303.03. USAspending.gov is the source. Obligations are not outlays.